Ancient Civilizations Overview

What ancient civilization, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, is often called the 'cradle of civilization' and developed one of the earliest writing systems (cuneiform)?

Mesopotamia (Sumer)

What ancient civilization built the pyramids and developed hieroglyphic writing along the Nile River?

Ancient Egypt

What ancient Mesoamerican civilization is known for its step pyramids, complex calendar system, and achievements in mathematics and astronomy?

The Maya

What ancient civilization, centered in modern-day Peru, built the city of Machu Picchu and a vast road network?

The Inca

What do we call the study and comparison of different civilizations' governments, beliefs, and achievements across time and place?

Comparative civilizations (comparative history)